29^th International Conference on Clinical Pediatrics June 23-24, 2021 Barcelona, Spain

Biography:

Pramod Jog is a senior pediatrician practicing in Pune with a rich experience of more than 35 years. He has a clinic & a hospital in Aundh & is the director of Medipoint Hospital. He is the Professor of Pediatrics at D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pune. He was also the President IAP, 2016, Standing Committee Member, International Pediatric Association, 2016-19, Steering committee member GAVI (CSO) 2O16-19 and also the Chairman, IAP Advisory Committee on Immunization 2015-17. He received Plotkin’s prize for best performance in ADVAC at Annecy, France in 2011. Additionally, he is Senior Consultant to UNICEF and also the Chief Editor, Times of Pediatrics. He has delivered innumerable lectures on national and international platforms & has more than 150 articles in reputed journals to his credit.

Abstract:

Vaccination remains one of the most cost-effective preventions in the medical field. Even the cost of most expensive vaccines is less than the burden of the morbidity and mortality of the illnesses, and the cost of their treatment thereof. Every child has the right to receive all the approved, age appropriate vaccines in that country. Yet not many would be able to afford them. Therefore, the private practitioner has to prioritize on the offering of as many vaccines as possible to as many children coming to the facility. Designing an immunization schedule of an individual child with resource strains is indeed a daunting task. One has to prioritize various vaccines based on disease epidemiology, risk to that particular child, safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine and also availability of affordable vaccines in the vicinity. Hence, various factors need to be considered while prioritizing the vaccines. These factors can be conveniently placed in the form of a mnemonic NESCAFE which stands for Need, Efficacy, Safety, Cost-effectiveness, Affordability, Flexible situations and Ethical issues.

Biography:

Geetanjali Sageena is an Assistant Professor in Department of Environmental Studies in Keshav Mahavidyalaya at University of Delhi, India. Her research interests are focused on Human Health, Sustainability, Environmental Changes, behaviors and other related aspects.

Abstract:

Beginning with industrial revolution, anthropogenic activities have continued to affect the ecosystems. The quality of air and water that are essential for survival of all life have deteriorated extensively. The need of the hour is to identify a model of living organism that can be used to assess the quality of environment on a short time scale if not on real time basis. Due to ethical issues many organisms that were being used earlier can no longer be used and hence there is a need to develop alternative model systems. Drosophila shares 60% of its genome with the human with many organ systems paralleling those of humans and hence they can safely be used to assess the quality of environment and its impact on the health. In this study we have used Drosophila melanogaster to understand that impact of heavy metals on their health and reproduction. The purpose of the present study was to ascertain the behavioural response towards chemo stimulants i.e. heavy metals induced stress, acting in different stages of life in phenotypically small (selected) and large (control) populations of Drosophila melanogaster. The optimum chemo stimulant concentrations chosen were 13mM and 5 µM for two heavy metals FeSO4 (essential) and CdCl2 (non-essential). Interestingly the interaction of organism with changing environmental condition had a significant impact on the behaviour.

Biography:

Mahmoud Metwaly Taha has a master degree in paediatrics and neonatology awarded from Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. Currently working as senior neonatologist at Saudi German Hospital, Aseer, and KSA.

Abstract:

Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is caused by a reproducible immune-mediated response to milk proteins and tends to present during the first few months of life. This response can vary significantly from an immediate reaction within 2 hours of ingestion to a more delayed reaction, which can occur anywhere between 2 and 72 hours later. A delay in diagnosis can cause significant child and parental distress, while over diagnosis can lead to an unnecessary elimination diet. CMPA can be confused with lactose intolerance which is a non-immune mediated response as a result of lactase enzyme deficiency. We review the diagnosis and management of CMPA in this article along with future directions.

Biography:

Pramod Jog is a senior pediatrician practicing in Pune with a rich experience of more than 35 years. He has a clinic & a hospital in Aundh & is the director of Medipoint Hospital. He is the Professor of Pediatrics at D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pune. He was also the President IAP, 2016, Standing Committee Member, International Pediatric Association, 2016-19, Steering committee member GAVI (CSO) 2O16-19 and also the Chairman, IAP Advisory Committee on Immunization 2015-17. He received Plotkin’s prize for best performance in ADVAC at Annecy, France in 2011. Additionally, he is Senior Consultant to UNICEF and also the Chief Editor, Times of Pediatrics. He has delivered innumerable lectures on national and international platforms & has more than 150 articles in reputed journals to his credit.

Abstract:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a universal threat. It is one of the major contributing factors for increased morbidity, mortality and health care cost in hospitalized patients including children. There have been various factors behind the rise of AMR in India. The following aspects are discussed: antibiotic resistance including associated scenario, goals and benefits of implementing ASP, why the emerging need for ASP? Including the need of ASP for pediatric age group, existing efforts in to reduce AMR, problems associated with implementation in, what can be done to reduce the AMR? Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication that once could successfully eradicate the microbe. Resistant microbes are more difficult to treat, requiring alternative medications or higher doses of antimicrobials. Antimicrobial resistance is a universal threat. It is one of the major contributing factors for increased morbidity, mortality and health care cost in hospitalized patients including children. To reduce antimicrobial resistance the antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) came into existence. An Antimicrobial stewardship programme is defined (by WHO) as the “optimal selection, dosage, and duration of antimicrobial treatment that results in the best clinical outcome for the treatment or prevention of infection, with minimal toxicity to the patient and minimal impact on subsequent resistance".

Biography:

Marlene Fabiola Escobedo Monge is a pediatrician, Doctor of Medicine, and researcher at the Faculty of Medicine of the Valladolid University. She has a doctorate in “Health Sciences Research”, two master’s degrees, one in “Clinical Nutrition” and the other in “Biological Aspects of Nutrition.” She is a peer reviewer for the MDPI editorial, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health and Medicine. She is very interested in food security and food biofortification and especially in the research that is being carried out on micronutrients in the nutritional status of patients with malnutrition and chronic diseases, especially in childhood and adolescence. She believes in the value of preventive medicine in reducing chronic diseases throughout the life of the human being.

Abstract:

Statement of the problem: Zinc is an essential micronutrient and plays a significant role in human growth and development. Zinc deficiency is a public health problem and is now widely recognized as a one of the main risk factors for morbidity and mortality. There are few studies of zinc deficiency in children with chronic diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of zinc and its association with nutritional indicators in a series of children with chronic diseases.

Methodology: A cross-sectional and comparative study was carried out by design. Anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary assessment were performed. The participants were classified according to their nutritional status by body mass index (BMI). The prevalence of patients with dietary zinc deficiency (<80% DRI: Dietary Reference Intake) was analyzed through prospective 72 h dietary surveys with a weekday, and hypozincemia (under 70 µg/dL in children under 10 years of age in both sexes and in females older than 10 years and below 74 µg/dL in males older than 10 years) was measured through atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Findings: Seventy-eight patients (43 females, 55%), 24 children with obesity, 30 with undernutrition, and 24 with normal BMI took part in this study. Mean serum zinc concentration in obese (87 µg/dL), undernourished (85 µg/dL), and eutrophic children (88 µg/dL) were normal, but in the undernutrition (60% DRI) and eutrophic (67% DRI) groups the mean dietary zinc intake was low compared to that in the obesity group (81% DRI). There were different associations between nutritional parameters, dietary zinc intake, and serum zinc. There were five cases with hypozincemia. All patients with hypozincemia had dietary zinc deficiency.

Conclusions & Significance: In the whole series, 69% of participants showed a zinc intake lower than recommended and might be at high risk of zinc deficiency.

Biography:

Valvanera Vozmediano is Assistant Professor at the Center of Pharmacometrics & System Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, and University of Florida. She has been working as Principal Consultant with Dynakin’s Drug Modeling & Consulting group, and has been the Director of the Research & Development Department of the same company since 2008. She received her B.S. in Pharmacy from the University of Basque Country in Spain in 2006, and earned her Ph.D. in Pharmacology in 2011 at the same University. Her doctorate research was completed at Dynakin with the design of pioneering regulatory standard pediatric investigational plan (PIP) for a new H1 antihistamine drug applying state of the art modeling & simulation (M&S) techniques. Her research activity includes a postdoctoral internship as Marie Curie (B-MOB program) and authorship of peer-reviewed publications. She is expert in the application of allometric and semi-mechanistic scaling as well as preclinical MIDD using population PK/PD methods specializing in translational development, mainly for the pediatric field. She has successfully completed several projects in that domain as an industrial consultant in FTIM questions, PIPs, and bridging studies, including support to successful filings for new drug applications. Valvanera is invited professor for the Master in Drug Development of the University of Basque Country, and she was also a tutor in the International Master of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology from the Global Research in Pediatric Network of Excellence (GRIP).

Abstract:

Quantitative pharmacology brings important advantages to overcome some of the limitations of conducting pediatric clinical trials. As an example, optimal sampling strategies facilitate sparse sampling studies benefiting the design and conduct of pharmacokinetic (PK) trials while minimizing phlebotomy and burden to participating children. Additionally, the scientific community and regulatory agencies globally support the use of model-based approaches to select rationalize doses for pediatric trials. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the application of quantitative pharmacology to optimize pediatric trials using two examples. The first one comprises the application of a model-based approach to select doses and optimize the PK sampling scheme for the clinical evaluation of a novel oral suspension of spironolactone in pediatric patients with edema. A population PK model was developed and qualified for spironolactone and its metabolite, canrenone, using data from adults and bridged to pediatrics (2-<17 years) using allometric scaling. The model was then used via simulation to explore different dosing and sampling scenarios. The second example aimed the application of a physiologically based absorption model, developed considering the nasal physiology and formulation properties, to support the dose selection of a novel nasal spray for a pediatric trial. The model was firstly developed and verified using data from adults, and then extrapolated to pediatrics (4- <18 years) using different scaling factors to account for differences in the physiology across these populations. Different doses were then simulated using the PBAM model extrapolated to pediatrics to compare systemic epinephrine exposures and select the more appropriate dose in different age groups for the trial.

Biography:

Salah-Eddine Lamhamedi-Cherradi is from University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and his research interest is Leukemia and Radiation Oncology.

Abstract:

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adults and often leads to lethal pulmonary metastasis. Though epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated transcriptional factors (TFs), such as ZEB1, TWIST, SNAIL, or AXL, are known to initiate the metastatic cascade of carcinomas, their role in directing OS cell fate remains poorly understood. To explore how biophysical force, extracellular matrix, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) affect EMTTFs and cell fate, we evaluated OS cells cultured within an ex vivo experimentally-tunable acellularized lung microenvironment (ACL). The ACL allowed our team to isolate and characterize thousands of lab-derived EMTTF+ circulating tumor cells (dCTCs) that showed significant resistance to doxorubicin, expressed exceptional levels of YAP/TAZ, and biomarkers of proven importance in OS metastasis such as AXL. Focusing initially on AXL and TWIST, we assessed whether AXL inhibition could delay or reduce the emergence of pulmonary metastasis of MG63.2, a metastasis-prone OS cell line. In the preclinical setting, SGI7079 (a potent small molecule AXL inhibitor) suppressed AXL expression and limited migratory potential both in vitro and in vivo. We are excited to report that this novel AXL-directed approach has already entered clinical trials at MD Anderson, and we look forward to sharing preliminary results soon.